Iranian secularist reformer. Mulkum Khan urged Iranians to acquire a Western education and replace the Shariah with a modern secular legal code, parliamentary government, a reformed military and a national bank as the only way to progress. Secularists joined the more liberal ulama in the Constitutional Revolution of 1906, and forced the Qajars to set up a modern constitution, to limit the powers of the monarchy and give Iranians parliamentary representation. Mulkum Khan was educated in France, and he started his influential newspaper, Qanun in 1890. Mirza Mulkum Khan was born in Armenian family, but later on accepted Islam, was a great intellectual.