An Egyptian nationalist leader. Arabi or Urabi Pasha studied at Al Azhar University, Cairo and served as an officer during the Egyptian war of 1875-76. He, along with other army officers, revolted against Khedive Ismail Pasha in 1879 and was minister of War in 1881. Pasha's increasing popularity as the national hero, who gave the call `Egypt for Egyptians' antagonised the British. The British bombarded Alexandria in 1882 and the British army under General Wolseley captured Arabi Pasha and sentenced him to death. Pasha's sentence was later changed to exile in Ceylon. He returned to Egypt in 1901.